![]() Whether the input is a current determined by Vin/R1 or as I1 : Vout =Ĭurrent-Controlled Current Source Current This circuit may appear more complicated than the others but it is really the same thing. Voltage-Controlled Current Source VoltageĬurrent-Controlled Voltage Source Current This is simply another way of applying the op-amp operation. What makes an op-amp different from other amplifiers is its impedance characteristics and gain calculations that depend solely on external resistors. Voltage-Controlled Voltage Source Voltage The output voltage is the gain times the input voltage. Very low output impedance Realistically these circuits are designed using equal resistors (R1 = Rf) to avoid problems with offset voltages.Ĭontrolled Sources Voltage-controlled voltage source VoltageVoltage-controlled current source Voltage Current-controlled voltage source Current Current-controlled current source Current.amplifier The advantages of using a unity gain amplifier: ![]() Voltage Buffer Any amplifier with no gain or loss is called a unity gain amplifier. Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e Robert L. The output is the sum of individual signals times the gain: R R R Vo = − f V1 + f V2 + f V3 R2 R3 R1 Multiple-Stage Gains Multiple The total gain (3-stages) is given by: Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 Ĭonstant-Gain Amplifier Constant Inverting VersionĬonstant-Gain Amplifier Constant Noninverting Version ![]() Boylestad and Louis NashelskyĬopyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. OpOp-Amp Applications Constant-gain multiplier ConstantVoltage summing Voltage buffer Controlled sources Instrumentation circuits Active filtersĮlectronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 10/e Robert L.
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